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      使用Dva手脚架搭建React项目
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        <p>最近开发了一个新项目，这次并没有自己去构建目录和文件，而是使用了react的一个手脚架dva-cli工具部署的文件及目录，不得不说，使用这个工具开发起来还是很方便的。对于这次的开发，我做一下总结，来谈谈这次开发过程中遇到的坑和如何解决这些坑。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<p>在开发新项目之前，本人就对<a href="https://ant.design/index-cn" target="_blank" rel="external">Ant Design</a>这个项目很关注了，它拥有丰富、灵活、实用的基础组件，为业务产品提供强有力的设计支持。不得不说的是，它的组件库相当丰富，基本上满足了需求。</p>
<p>在了解了这些之后，我们就要基于Ant Design来开发我们的项目了，关于react项目的构建脚手架实在太多，我这里不多说，我直接选用了<a href="https://github.com/dvajs/dva-cli" target="_blank" rel="external">dva-cli</a>，选择它的理由就是它使用起来简单方便，不用自己另外再去配置webpack，只需将现有的配置文件稍作修改就可以了。</p>
<p>既然使用了dva-cli这种脚手架，那么<a href="https://github.com/dvajs/dva" target="_blank" rel="external">dva</a>的知识点就必需掌握了，因为开发过程中肯定会用到。不多说，大家自行搜索资料吧。</p>
<p>接下来直接点，构建项目：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"># Install</div><div class="line">$ npm install dva-cli -g</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"># Create app</div><div class="line">$ dva <span class="keyword">new</span> myapp</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"># Start app</div><div class="line">$ cd myapp</div><div class="line">$ npm start</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>全局安装dva-cli是很有必要的，不然后面的命令运行不起来。另外，dva-cli使用<a href="https://github.com/sorrycc/roadhog" target="_blank" rel="external">roadhog</a> 来启动本地服务和打包项目的，详细文档可以查看 <a href="https://github.com/sorrycc/roadhog/blob/master/README_en-us.md#configuration" target="_blank" rel="external">roadhog文档</a>。</strong></p>
<h3 id="下面是使用dva命令生成的目录树"><a href="#下面是使用dva命令生成的目录树" class="headerlink" title="下面是使用dva命令生成的目录树"></a>下面是使用dva命令生成的目录树</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">├── mock</div><div class="line">    └── mockData.js        <span class="comment">#</span></div><div class="line">├── src                    <span class="comment"># Source directory</span></div><div class="line">    ├── assets             <span class="comment"># Store images, icons, ...</span></div><div class="line">    ├── components         <span class="comment"># UI components</span></div><div class="line">    ├── index.css          <span class="comment"># CSS for entry file</span></div><div class="line">    ├── index.html         <span class="comment"># HTML for entry file</span></div><div class="line">    ├── index.js           <span class="comment"># Enry file</span></div><div class="line">    ├── models             <span class="comment"># Dva models</span></div><div class="line">    ├── router.js          <span class="comment"># Router configuration</span></div><div class="line">    ├── routes             <span class="comment"># Route components</span></div><div class="line">    ├── services           <span class="comment"># Used for communicate with server</span></div><div class="line">    └── utils              <span class="comment"># Utils</span></div><div class="line">        └── request.js     <span class="comment"># A util wrapped dva/fetch</span></div><div class="line">├── .editorconfig          <span class="comment">#</span></div><div class="line">├── .eslintrc              <span class="comment"># Eslint config</span></div><div class="line">├── .gitignore             <span class="comment">#</span></div><div class="line">├── .roadhogrc             <span class="comment"># Roadhog config</span></div><div class="line">└── package.json           <span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><a href="https://github.com/dvajs/dva/blob/master/docs/API.md" target="_blank" rel="external">dva的api全在这里的了</a></p>
<p>以上只是简单的生成了一个项目目录，具体怎么脱离后端提供的接口来进行开发。在我的项目中，我使用了<a href="http://mockjs.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Mock</a>功能，并且roadhog也支持mock功能。使用mock,对于前端来说并不用等待后端给我提供接口，而是先与后端开发人员接口地址以及返回的数据结构和对应字段后，就可以使用Mock直接造数据和接口了。</p>
<p>前端开发的整个过程都是在Mock环境下进行的，并不需要后端提供真实接口。😏这样就大大提高了前端的开发效率（节省了等待接口的过程，不过后期还是要配合后端的真实接口联调的）。</p>
<p>下面给一个介绍一下Mock的配置文件.roadhogrc.mock.js是怎么设置的（生成随机数据，拦截 Ajax 请求）:</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> mockData <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./mock/mockData'</span>;  <span class="comment">// 引入mock的数据</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">	<span class="string">'GET /api/path/**'</span>: mockData</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上面就是简单的一个例子，从对应的mock文件中引入对应的数据，然后模拟接口。</p>
<p>接下来配置.roadhogrc.js文件，这是roadhog的配置文件，主要是配置代理，本地可直接调用后端真实接口获得数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div><div class="line">50</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> onlineTarget = <span class="string">'http://online.com'</span>;  <span class="comment">// 线上项目地址域名</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> offlineTarget = <span class="string">'http://dev.com'</span>;  <span class="comment">// 测试环境项目地址域名</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> ProxyConfig = &#123;</div><div class="line">	<span class="comment">// 是否开启代理访问真实接口</span></div><div class="line">    proxy: <span class="literal">true</span>,  </div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 是否访问线上接口，如果代理关闭，这项无效，若代理开启，此项为true则访问线上，反之访问测试环境</span></div><div class="line">    online: <span class="literal">false</span>  </div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"entry"</span>: <span class="string">"src/index.js"</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"extraBabelPlugins"</span>: [</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"transform-runtime"</span>,</div><div class="line">        [<span class="string">"import"</span>, &#123; <span class="string">"libraryName"</span>: <span class="string">"antd"</span>, <span class="string">"style"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span> &#125;],</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"add-module-exports"</span></div><div class="line">    ],</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"env"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"development"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="string">"extraBabelPlugins"</span>: [</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"dva-hmr"</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"babel-plugin-dva-hmr"</span></div><div class="line">            ],</div><div class="line">            <span class="string">"proxy"</span>: ProxyConfig.proxy</div><div class="line">                    ? &#123;</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"/api/*"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">                            <span class="string">"target"</span>: ProxyConfig.online ? onlineTarget : offlineTarget,</div><div class="line">                            <span class="string">"changeOrigin"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">                            <span class="string">"secure"</span>:<span class="literal">false</span>,</div><div class="line">                            <span class="string">"ws"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">                            <span class="string">"headers"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">                                <span class="string">"origin"</span>: ProxyConfig.online ? onlineTarget : offlineTarget,</div><div class="line">                                <span class="string">"Referer"</span>: ProxyConfig.online ? onlineTarget : offlineTarget</div><div class="line">                            &#125;</div><div class="line">                        &#125;,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"/exhibitionservice/*"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">                          <span class="string">"target"</span>: <span class="string">"http://localhost:8060/"</span>,</div><div class="line">                          <span class="string">"changeOrigin"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">                          <span class="string">"secure"</span>:<span class="literal">false</span>,</div><div class="line">                          <span class="string">"ws"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">                          <span class="string">"headers"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">                            <span class="string">"origin"</span>: ProxyConfig.online ? onlineTarget : offlineTarget,</div><div class="line">                            <span class="string">"Referer"</span>: ProxyConfig.online ? onlineTarget : offlineTarget</div><div class="line">                          &#125;</div><div class="line">                        &#125;</div><div class="line">                    &#125;</div><div class="line">                    : &#123;&#125;,</div><div class="line">        &#125;,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"production"</span>: &#123;&#125;</div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"theme"</span>: <span class="string">"./theme.config.js"</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在完成了以上配置后，前端才能开始项目的开发了，这些都是在开发前的准备。</p>
<h2 id="总结："><a href="#总结：" class="headerlink" title="总结："></a>总结：</h2><p>前端开始开发前的工作一定要做好，不然后期开发过程中可能会存在各种问题。我在这次的新项目开发中也踩到了不少坑，在后期的分享中再说一说哪坑，我是怎么解决这些坑的。组件化开发很好，不过也会带来很多问题，后面再细说。</p>

      
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